ABOUT THE FORMAT ================ The DanNet_owl resource is supplied in an extension of the W3C's representation of wordnets (draft), cf. http://www.w3.org/TR/wordnet-rdf/ for more information about the format. Information that is not described in the W3C specifications (ie. DanNet specific information) is marked by the namespace 'http://www.wordnet.dk/owl/nnnn/nn/schema'. The namespace for the lexical resource itself is 'http://www.wordnet.dk/owl/nnnn/nn/instances'. FILES ===== Synsets ------- synsets.rdf : The synsets are declared in this file. glossary.rdf : The gloss of each synset. words.rdf : Words and their lexical form. wordsenses.rdf : Connects synsets and words. dummies.rdf : Synsets that are included without much information. They are included because they are targets of relations describing other synsets, but have no relations of their own. For DanNet_owl_demo this may result from relations that target synsets outside the domain of the export. synset_attributes.rdf : 'Attributes' that describe the synset further (at the moment:'connotation' ('positive' or 'negative') and 'sex' ('male' or 'female')). register.rdf : Information about the register of the word senses, e.g. 'slang' or 'sj.' (i.e. 'old-fashioned'). Relations --------- The various 'relations' that links synsets to eachother, are supplied in separate files, one file for each relation type. For a description of the semantics of the relation please consult the linguistic specifications for DanNet. The most important files are: hyponymOf.rdf : Relation that link a synset to its immediate hypernym. eqSynonymOf.rdf, eqHyponymOf.rdf, eqHypernymOf.rdf : Relations that link synsets from the DanNet resource to synsets from the Princeton Wordnet (v. 2.0). The synsets selected are so-called Base Concepts from Global Wordnet Association (cf. http://globalwordnet.org). 5,000 synsets will be linked to the Princeton Wordnet, but only a few hundred links exist at present time, and they are not yet validated. The files include also the declaration for the (abbreviated) target synset. The Princeton Wordnet resource is not included, as a separate license exists for this resource. The Princeton Wordnet may be obtained from http://wordnet.princeton.edu. hypernymOf_taxonomic.rdf : This file includes information each hyponymOf relation and whether it is taxonomic or non-taxonomic. Note that a relation may be negated. A negation is declared the construct. The owl/rdf language -------------------- w3c_wordnet_spec.rdfs : The W3C specifications for wordnets dn_full_spec.rdfs : The specifications for the part of DanNet_owl that extends W3C. This file imports the W3C specifications. Inheritance ----------- Synsets inherits relations from it hypernyms. In the DanNet_owl resource all inherited relations are computed for each synset. Inherited relations are marked as such by xml comments in the rdf files. Owl/rdf reasoners may be set up to compute the inherited relations using the hyponymOf relation as axis, but this version of the DanNet_owl resource does not include information about which inherited relations should restricted to a more specific target, and which inherited relations should be blocked altogether. An owl/rdf reasoner will therefore generate to many inherited relations. Reverse relations ----------------- Note that many relations are defined as the 'reverse' of some other relation, according to the specifications (.rdfs files). For instance is 'hypernymOf' the reverse relation of 'hyponymOf', and 'holonymOf' is the reverse of 'meronymOf'. In these files only relations that are significant to a synset is supplied. E.g. it is significant for 'birch' that it is a hyponym of 'tree'. But it is not significant of 'tree' that there may or may not exist such a thing as a 'birch'. Therefore the synset describing 'birch' includeds 'hyponymOf tree', but the synset describing 'tree' does not include 'hypernymOf birch'. It is for the user or application to decide whether the reverse relation information should be computed an utilized. (Owl/rdf reasoners should do this automatically.) PR0TÉGÉ AS VIEWER ================= Installation ----------------- It is possible to navigate the DanNet_owl_demo resource in the Protégé 4.0beta software. For most computer configurations, however, the entire DanNet_owl resource will be too large. Note that the owl format is an instance model and it is NOT immediately possible to view the resource as a tree structure (hypernymy hierarchy). Protégé 4.0 is developed at Stanford University and is available from their web site (http://...). Registration is necessary. When Protégé 4.0 is installed, the DanNet may loaded by selecting "..." from the startup screen, and from the DanNet_owl_demo folder choosing either the DanNet_full.owl file, which contains all information from DanNet, or the DanNet_wc3.owl file, which contains only the part of the resource that is described in the W3C specifications for wordnets. Setting up Protégé ------------------ Protégé 4.0 may be set up to show 'labels' (e.g. '{jeep_1}'), instead of ids of synsets (e.g. 'synset-1507') when navigating the resource: a. Choose File -> Preferences -> Renderer b. Select "Render entities using annotation values" c. Choose "OK" Navigation ---------- In Protégé the resource is divided into several tabs in the top of the screen. The most important ones are: Active ontology, Classes, and Individuals. Selecting the "Active ontology" tab will display the release notes for this particular version of the DanNet resource. Selecting the "Classes" tab will show the owl/rdf language used to describe the wordnet, e.g. the specifications for 'synsets' and 'words'. DanNet_owl is an instance model, and the lexical resource itself is viewable by selecting the "Individuals" tab. Note that all instances (individuals) are listed here, i.e. synset instances as well as wordsense instances and word instances. It is the synset instances we are interested in here. They will be listed by names enclosed by '{}', e.g. '{ord_1}' or '{automobil_1, bil_1, spand_2}', in the left part of the screen (if Protégé is set up as suggested above). By selecting a synset we are able to investigate the information for this particular synset, including its relations to other synsets in DanNet, in the right part of the screen. All synsets (except dummy and Princeton Wordnet (English) synsets) will have a 'hyponymOf' relation linking the synset to the immediate hypernym. By carefully clicking the name of the target synset the information for this synset will be shown.